![]() ![]() Moreover, to explore changing over time, we compared these case-series with those published in 1995-2004.Įighteen case-series, including 3164 patients, were included. To identify factors associated with FUO diagnostic categories, we performed a systematic review of classical FUO case-series published in 2005-2015 and including patients from 2000. ![]() Factors influencing the final diagnosis of FUO are unclear. doi:10.The differential diagnosis of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is very extensive, and includes infectious diseases (ID), neoplasms and noninfectious inflammatory diseases (NIID). Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT Scan in Management of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin, Inflammation of Unknown Origin or Episodic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Comparative Multicentre Prospective Study. Ly K, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Liozon E et al. (2012) International journal of molecular imaging. A Rationale for the Use of F18-FDG PET/CT in Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin. ![]() Balink H, Verberne HJ, Bennink RJ, van Eck-Smit BL. The value of F-FDG-PET/CT in identifying the cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO): data from a prospective study. Schönau V, Vogel K, Englbrecht M, Wacker J, Schmidt D, Manger B, Kuwert T, Schett G. Pyrexia of unknown origin: a prospective study of 100 cases. Kejariwal D, Sarkar N, Chakraborti SK, Agarwal V, Roy S. prospective multicenter study of 167 patients with FUO, using fixed epidemiologic entry criteria. de Kleijn EM, Vandenbroucke JP, van der Meer JW. Fever of unexplained origin: report on 100 cases. Other causes in this series, each diagnosed in a single patient, included sarcoidosis, granulomatous hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, atrial myxoma and a drug fever 3. Non-infectious inflammatory diseases included lupus, Takayasu arteritis, mixed connective tissue disease, ankylosing spondylitis and polyarteritis nodosa. Malignancies were both hematological ( Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and visceral ( colon cancer, ovarian carcinoma and bronchogenic carcinoma). However non-infective causes were broad and varied including cancers and inflammatory disorders. In 30% patients no cause could be found despite an extensive investigative work-up 2.Ī series from India published in 2001 showed that infection featured more prominently than in Western series with tuberculosis, bacterial endocarditis and abscesses all accounting for a significant share of cases 3. In one published prospective series from 1997, 26% had infections, 13% had neoplasms, and 24% had non-infectious inflammatory diseases. Of course the possible causes of pyrexia are broad and not just restricted to infections, with both neoplasms and inflammatory disorders figuring heavily in the etiologies. Unsurprisingly there is a certain degree of overlap between the causes of pyrexia/fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin 5. More recently the term inflammation of unknown origin has been coined for cases of unexplained chronic inflammation without fever. A typical request for a CT chest abdomen and pelvis for such a case may follow along the lines of "PUO, ? source of infection". In modern clinical practice, the term is often used more loosely by clinicians for any case in which a patient presents with a persistent fever without clear cause after a set of reasonable initial investigations. Setting the period at ≥3 weeks was not arbitrary, but was felt likely to exclude self-limited viral infections, which usually resolve in under 3 weeks 5. A pyrexia of unknown origin, commonly shortened to PUO, and also known as a fever of unknown origin ( FUO), was originally defined in 1961 as the condition in which the core body temperature is >38.3 oC for a period of three weeks or more, with no diagnosis reached after one week of inpatient investigation 1. ![]()
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